Cats and heart health issues: myth or reality?

One of the main cardiac diseases observed for us is HCM: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

HCM is one of the most common heart diseases and certain of us have a higher predisposition to developing the condition. Estimates suggest that HCM affects around 15-30% of all cats with heart disease, making it a significant concern in feline cardiology. However, it's important to note that not all cats with HCM show clinical signs, and some cases may go undiagnosed.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart disease that affects both humans and cats. It is characterized by the abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body. This thickening reduces the space available for blood flow, leading to various complications.

It is a genetic condition, and while it can occur in any cat breed, certain breeds, including Maine Coons and Ragdolls, have a higher predisposition to developing HCM. In some cases, HCM can be inherited from one or both parents.

The thickening of the heart muscle in HCM can result in several issues, such as:

• Impaired cardiac function: The thickened heart muscle can make it more difficult for the heart to effectively pump blood, leading to reduced cardiac output.
• Arrhythmias: HCM can cause abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias, which can range from mild to severe and may lead to palpitations, fainting, or even sudden cardiac arrest.
• Blood clot formation: In some cases, blood clots can develop within the heart due to the abnormal blood flow caused by HCM. These clots can potentially dislodge and travel to other parts of the body, causing serious complications.

HCM is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, listening to the heart with a stethoscope (auscultation), echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart), and potentially other diagnostic tests.

While there is no cure for HCM, treatment aims to manage symptoms, improve cardiac function, and prevent complications. Treatment options may include medications to regulate heart rhythm, reduce blood clot formation, and improve heart function. Regular monitoring by a veterinarian and periodic echocardiograms are crucial for managing the condition and adjusting the treatment plan as needed.

HCM can occur at any age, from young kittens to older cats. In some cases, HCM may be present from birth and can be detected in early stages. In other instances, it can develop later in life. The age at which HCM becomes clinically evident can vary widely. Some cats may start showing symptoms and complications in their early years, while others may not exhibit signs until later in life.

Regular veterinary check-ups and screenings, including cardiac evaluations, are crucial for early detection and management of HCM. Since HCM can have a genetic component, responsible breeders often perform cardiac screenings on their breeding cats to help reduce the risk of passing on the condition to future generations. If you have concerns about HCM or suspect your cat may be affected, it's best to consult with a veterinarian who can perform a thorough examination, including cardiac assessment, and provide appropriate guidance based on your cat's specific situation.

Mat&Nouk